ABSTRACT
This work is a survey of Anthurium species (Araceae) grown in the Margaret Mee Shadehouse, of Roberto Burle Marx site (SRBM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. They are listed by section of the genus and in alphabetic order, indicating, whenever possible, the scientific name for the species, their place of occurrence and the number of specimens. Photographs were used for identification as well as specific literature, and experts on the family were consulted. The site houses a total of 861 plants and 390 species, but for more than half a complete identification was not possible due to the lack of information about the geographic origin. These unidentifiable species (labeled only as Anthurium sp.), totaled 304 apparently distinct species and 474 individuals.
Among the identified species, section Pachyneurium was most prominent, with a total of 47 species and 212 individuals. Brazil was the most represented collecting location with 45 species. The collection which includes recently discovered species and those still in study, is a valuable resource for further study, but the large number of specimens that cannot be named point out the importance of strict collection data storage, including full information about habitat.
KEYWORDS
Inventory, collection, taxonomy, surveying, Anthurium, Araceae, Roberto Burle Marx Site, Margaret Mee Shadehouse.
1. INTRODUCTION
The family Araceae is widely distributed around the world, mainly in Tropical America and Asia. In Brazil it is found in different vegetative formations, from southern subtropical to equatorial forests in the northern limit. Today, 118 genera and approximately 4000 species are known, 1000 belonging to the genus Anthurium, with at least 120 of these distributed around Brazil. (CATE Araceae 2010, Coelho, 2010).
In Roberto Burle Marx Site the family forms one of the most abundant collections, and one of the biggest in Latin America. It is distributed between greenhouses, in the Margaret Mee Shadehouse and in the gardens in the site. The great majority have been collected in several expeditions of Roberto Burle Marx faithful to the principles of evaluating Brazilian flora in order to increase garden plant vocabulary through the discovery of new plants. Besides getting to know less explored lands, his expeditions had as the main goal the landscape use of autochthonous flora species, with study of in-habitat observation, especially of phytogeographic aspects, and observation of the main phytophysiognomy of the contact areas and enclaves (Marx 1993). Or, as expressed by Sima Eliovson (1990), the main goal of the collections was not the discovery of new species, but the identification of the sampled material, in order to know the needs, the linkage with other related species and growing possibilities as ornamental plants.
The interest of Roberto Burle Marx in the Araceae started when he began searching for tropical plants for garden purposes and realized the variety of forms of this group. His close collaboration with Dra. Graziela Barroso added scientific interest to his collections, since by this time he had dedicated himself to study of this family.
Unfortunately little is now known about the exact collecting location of the majority of plants collected by Roberto B. Marx, making the determination of the scientific name of some species in the collection a difficult task. As the collections were done a number of years ago, several forested regions would, unfortunately, nowadays be found to be devastated or altered, with little vegetative cover remaining.
1.1 THE GENUS ANTHURIUM
The genus Anthurium is the largest of the family and its distribution area is essentially tropical America, from Mexico to Argentina, but also occurring in Caribbean islands. It shows great diversity in wet forests of low and medium elevations, but also occurs in cloud forests, swamp, on outcrops, sandy areas and even in semi-arid regions. The species are hemiepiphyte vines, epiphytes, terrestrial, lithophytes, rarely helophytes or rheophytes. In the last great review of the genus, the 486 species were grouped in 18 sections (Engler, 1905). Nowadays the genus Anthurium is placed in the Pothoideae subfamily, Potheae tribe, and is divided into 19 sections (Coelho, 2009).
In the shadehouse the great majority of species belong to Pachyneurium Schott section, which was recently reviewed by Croat (1991), its main characteristics are the disposition of leaves in rosette shape, involute vernation of foliar lamina and frequently with leaves that are oblong to elliptical.
1.2 HISTORY OF ROBERTO BURLE MARX SITE
The Roberto Burle Marx Site (S.R.B.M) is located at around 45 km from the center of Rio de Janeiro city, in Barra de Guaratiba, occupying the southwest hillside of the Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, covering a 365,000 square meter area.
Roberto Burle Marx, together with his brother Guilherme Siegfried Marx, acquired the site in 1949, and from this area he started making his collections in Brazilian territory. (Dias, 2010).
In 1985, in order to guarantee the maintenance of the place, Roberto B. Marx indemnified his brother, and donated the site to the Brazilian government and the collection to Fundação Nacional - Pró Memória, which relates to IPHAN (Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional – subordinated to the culture ministry). Since then, the site has national patrimony, and is included among the forty most important touristic points of the city of Rio de Janeiro. (Dias, 2010).
1.3 THE COLLECTIONS
The majority of tropical botanical families are present in Roberto Burle Marx Site, which has a total of about 3500 plant species, among which Araceae, Arecaceae, Begoniaceae, Bromeliaceae, Marantaceae, Musaceae and Velloziaceae are prominent. Burle Marx, during his life, collected and grouped them in large shadehouses (Marx & Tabacow, 2004), known at the site as "shady areas", since they house shade plants, which do not need direct sun, but enough filtered light to develop.
The richness of the collection and the excellent growing conditions make possible a living laboratory in which researchers interested in the family can do comparative studies that would be not possible in other locations, or in the large botanic gardens of temperate countries. The collection brings subsidies for morphologic, taxonomic studies, raw material for chemotaxonomy, molecular biology and preparation of scientific illustrations. (Eliovson, 1990).
Fieldtrips organized for taking the species to the site were done by Roberto B. Marx and a group of botanists, architects, landscape designers and photographers. Some expeditions, as in the Amazon, 1983, aimed not only to recognize and admire the Brazilian flora exuberance, but to search for the different, rare or exotic and to recognize the decorative garden value of species considered as merely "bush" in their original location. (Siqueira, 2001).
This paper consists of a survey of Anthurium species (Araceae) found in the Margaret Mee Shadehouse, of S.R.B.M, identifying, whenever possible, their scientific names, sections and occurrence locations. The study of this group was done in order to disseminate information about the collection and about the site, considered of inestimable value.
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SITE
The surveying took place at the Margaret Mee Shadehouse, located at Roberto Burle Marx Site. with an area of 700 m2 housing 836 plants distributed among 20 sectors and 11 workbenches.
The choice of this shadehouse was due to the presence of Anthurium species, in great majority in Pachyneurium section, with samples of great ornamental value as well as being representative of those present in Brazil.
2.2 SURVEYING OF SPECIES
To survey the species photographic registers were done for the habit, vegetative and reproductive details. Specific literature was employed for the identification of species and also, experts in the family were consulted for those which remained undetermined.
Visitations to the collections were periodically done from August 2007 to May 2010.
The survey of species from the genus Anthurium, included the classification into scientific names, sections of the genus, place of origin and, the number of individuals per species. The table containing the species grown in the Margaret Mee Shadehouse is divided into generic sections and alphabetic order. The first column gives the scientific name, the second t the geographic collection location when known, and the third indicates the number of individuals.
In the growing area the organization of the collection follows the division into subgroups of the genus Anthurium. The organization of the plants was done according to the similarities between the plants. Then, identification numbers were given for each species, and those in the same species received this same number.
Due to the lack of information about the geographic distribution of some species, the codes "aff." and "cf." were used for those species which were identified but without absolute certainty, , or for names that seem probable but for which checking is still needed.
3. RESULTS
The total number of species, including the undetermined ones, is 390, being 861 individuals (table 1). Of these, more than 300 could be distinguished as being distinct but could not be assigned a name.
The section Pachyneurium showed a total of 47 species with 212 individuals, which confirms, with this large sample, the ornamental value of this group, widely used in landscaping. The other sections represented in the shady area were: Urospadix with 17 species and 48 individuals; Calomystrium with 12 species and 43 individuals; Cardiolonchium with 9 species and 24 individuals; Porphyrochitonium with 4 species and 10 individuals; Belolonchium with 3 species and 23 individuals; Dactylophyllium with 3 species and 5 individuals; Semaeophyllium with 2 species and 6 individuals; Schizoplacium with 2 species and 3 individuals; Leptanthurium with 1 species and 3 individuals; Decurrentia with 1 species and 1 individual and Polyneurium com with 1 species and 1 individual. There is a section under evaluation, containing only one species - Anthurium hookeri Kunth sec. nov. ined. – and one individual; and an unknown section, including 2 species - Anthurium xmacrolobum W. Bull, with one individual and Anthurium xcalifornia neal, with six individuals.
For some samples identification was not possible, due to the lack of information about the location of the collection. These individuals may even be new species, but here are simply considered Anthurium sp., with a total number of 304 species and 474 individuals.
Among the known countries of origin, Brazil has the most representatives with 45 species, followed by Colombia with 25, Panama with 23, Peru with 21, Ecuador 21, Venezuela 18, Bolivia 12, Guyane 12, Costa Rica and Suriname with 11 species, Guyana 11, Nicaragua 8, Mexico 6, Guatemala, Honduras and Paraguay with 4, Argentina, Belize, Trinidad and Tobago with 2 and United States and Dominican Republic with 1 species. This representation gradient is related to the abundance of Anthurium species in each country, although affected by the areas chosen for field trips when the collection was coming together, since according to Missouri Botanic Garden (2010), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and Brazil are the countries with the greatest number of native species from the genus.
4. DISCUSSION
The survey of Anthurium species from the Margaret Mee Shadehouse, in the Roberto Burle Marx Site, corroborated the importance of knowledge of geographic location of collected species since its lack made doubtful some possible identifications. However, the work yielded an important tool for future study of Anthurium and its sections at the S.R.B.M. Some recently discovered species and some in publication were found: Anthurium polineurium Temponi & Nadruz sp. nov. ined., Anthurium aff. zeneidae Nadruz sp. nov. ined. and Anthurium hookeri Kunth sec. nov. ined. strengthening the importance of the collection as a tool for scientific research.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank the researcher Thomas Croat for helping in the identification of species and the Roberto Burle Marx Site, for the opportunity and the workstation.
LITERATURE CITED
CATE Araceae. November 26, 2010. http://www.cate-araceae.org.
Coelho, M.A.N., M.L Soares,. C.M. Sakuragui., S.J., Mayo, I.M. Andrade & L.G. Temponi. 2010. Lista de espécies da flora do Brazil: Araceae. Rio de Janeiro: Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.
Coelho, M.A.N., J.L. Wachter & S.J. Mayo, 2009. Revisão taxonômica das espécies de Anthurium (Araceae) seção Urospadix subseção Flavescentiviridia. Rodriguésia 60 (4): 799–864.
Croat, T.B. 1991. A revision of section Pachyneurium (Araceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard,78: 539–855.
Dias, R. March 20, 2010. htpp://sitioburlemarx.blogspot.com.
Eliovson, S. 1990. Os Jardins de Burle Marx, editora Salamandra.
Marx, R. B. 1993. Expedição Burle Marx a Amazônia. Arquivos do CNPq.
Marx, R.B. & J. Tabacow. 2004. Roberto Burle Marx - Arte & paisagem, editora Studio Nobel, 2004.
Siqueira, V. B. 2001. Burle Marx – Espaços da Arte Brazileira. 1 edição, Editora: Cosac Naify.
Tropicos.org. July 17, 2010 Missouri Botanical Garden. http://www.tropicos.org.
Viegas, J., M.A.N. Coelho, M.G.S. Corrêa & L.B. Corrêa. 2006. Taxonomic and Cytogenetic Analysis of Species of the Anthurium (Araceae) Genus Native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: Advances and Topical Issues (1st Ed), Teixeira da Silva J.A .(ed), pp 669-677. Global Science Books,UK.
Table 1: Relation of species, geographic location and identification number of specimen, divided into sections.
Section Belolonchium:
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
DISTRIBUTION:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Anthurium brownii Mast
Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia
21
Anthurium effusilobum Croat
Ecuador, Peru and US
1
Anthurium ochranthum K. Koch
Costa Rica and Panama
1
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
DISTRIBUTION:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Anthurium andraeanum X lilacinum
Undetermined
6
Anthurium cf. effusispathum Croat
Ecuador
3
Anthurium lilacinum Bunting
Venezuela
9
Anthurium cf. lilacinum Bunting
Venezuela
5
Anthurium nymphaeifolium C.Koch & C.D. Bouché
Colombia and Venezuela
12
Anthurium cf. nymphaeifolium C.Koch & C.D. Bouché
Colombia and Venezuela
1
Anthurium galactospadix Croat
Brazil, Colombia and Peru
1
Anthurium sp.1 hybrid
Undetermined
2
Anthurium sp. 2
Undetermined
1
Anthurium sp. 3
Undetermined
1
Anthurium sp.4
Undetermined
1
Anthurium sp.5
Undetermined
1
Section Cardiolonchium:
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
DISTRIBUTION:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Anthurium crystallinum Linden & André
Panama and Colombia
12
Anthurium cf. crystallinum Linden & André
Panama and Colombia
4
Anthurium aff. sagittatum (Sims) G. Don
Guyane, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil
1
Anthurium sagittatum (Sims) G. Don
Guyane, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil
1
Anthurium cf. dolichostachyum Sodiro
Ecuador
1
Anthurium sp. 6
Undetermined
1
Anthurium sp. 7
Undetermined
1
Anthurium sp. 8
Undetermined
2
Anthurium sp. 9
Undetermined
1
Section Dactylophyullium:
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
DISTRIBUTION:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Anthurium clavigerum Poepp
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, Suriname, Peru, Panama, Nicaragua, Guyana and Guyane
2
Anthurium aff. clavigerum Poepp
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, Suriname, Peru, Panama, Nicaragua, Guyana and Guyane
1
Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl) G. Don
Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Guyane and Suriname
2
Section Decurrentia:
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
DISTRIBUTION:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Anthurium cf. pallidiflorum Engl.
Ecuador
1
Section Leptanthurium:
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
DISTRIBUTION:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Anthurium gracile (Rudge) Linden
Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyane, Guyana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname and Venezuela
3
Section Pachyneurium:
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
DISTRIBUTION:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Anthurium atropurpureum Schult. & Magure
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
1
Anthurium atropurpureum var. arenicola Croat
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
1
Anthurium bonplandii G. S. Bunting
Brazil, Guyana, Guyane, Suriname, Venezuela
3
Anthurium bonplandii ssp. guayanum (Bunting) Croat
Brazil, Guyana, Guyane, Suriname, Venezuela
1
Anthurium aff. bonplandii G.S. Bunting
Brazil, Guyana, Guyane, Suriname, Venezuela
2
Anthurium colonicum K. Krause
Panama
18
Anthurium cf. colonicum K.Krause
Panama
19
Anthurium aff. colonicum K. Krause
Panama
1
Anthurium concolor K. Krause
Colombia and Panama
1
Anthurium coriaceum G. Don
Brazil
1
Anthurium cf. dombeyanum Brongn
Ecuador and Peru
3
Anthurium ernestii Engl.
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
1
Anthurium fendleri Schott
Colombia, Panama and Venezuela
15
Anthurium cf. fendleri Schott
Colombia, Panama and Venezuela
1
Anthurium aff. fendleri Schott
Colombia, Panama and Venezuela
1
Anthurium cf. harlingianum Croat
Colombia and Ecuador
1
Anthurium jenmanii Engl.
Brazil, Guyana, Guyane, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela
3
Anthurium cf. krukovii Croat
Brazil
1
Anthurium leonii E. G. Gonçalves
Brazil
2
Anthurium cf. lindmanianum Engl.
Brazil
3
Anthurium aff. loretense Croat
Peru, Ecuador and Brazil
1
Anthurium aff. nervatum Croat
Panama
1
Anthurium nervatum Kunth
Panama
1
Anthurium cf. nervatum Croat
Panama
4
Anthurium cf. (pachylaminum) ovatifolium Engler
Ecuador and Peru
2
Anthurium aff. paraguayense Engl.
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru and Paraguai
1
Anthurium paraguayense Engl.
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru and Paraguai
3
Anthurium plowmanii Croat
Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguai and Peru
75
Anthurium aff. plowmanii Croat
Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguai and Peru
1
Anthurium cf. pranceanum Croat
Brazil
1
Anthurium cf. salvinii Hemsl
Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua and Panama
1
Anthurium salvinii Hemsl
Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua and Panama
10
Anthurium solitarium (Vell. Conc.) Schott – híbrido
Brazil
1
Anthurium superbum Madison
Ecuador and Peru
2
Anthurium uleanum Engler
Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
4
Anthurium cf. uleanum Engle
Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
2
Anthurium watermaliense Hort. Ex Bailey
Colombia, Costa Rica and Panama
3
Anthurium xanthophylloides G. M. Barroso
Brazil
6
Anthurium cf. xanthophylloides G.M. Barroso
Brazil
3
Anthurium sp. 10
Undetermined
2
Anthurium sp. 11
Undetermined
1
Anthurium sp. 12
Undetermined
2
Anthurium sp. 13
Undetermined
1
Anthurium sp.14
Undetermined
2
Anthurium sp. 15
Undetermined
1
Anthurium sp 16
Undetermined
1
Anthurium sp17 sp. nov.
Undetermined
1
Section Polyneurium:
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
DISTRIBUTION:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Anthurium sp. 18
Undetermined
1
Section Porphyrochitonium:
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
DISTRIBUTION:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Anthurium bakeri Hook. f.
Belize, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyane, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama and Venezuela
1
Anthurium bicollectivum Croat
Panama
7
Anthurium scherzerianum Schott
Costa Rica
1
Anthurium wendlingeri G.M. Barroso
Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama
1
Section Schizoplacium:
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
DISTRIBUTION:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Anthurium pedatum (HBK) Kunth
Colombia
1
Anthurium pedatoradiatum Schott
Mexico
2
Section Semaeophyllium:
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
DISTRIBUTION:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Anthurium rimbachii Sodiro
Ecuador
1
Anthurium cf. triphyllum
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
5
Section Urospadix:
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
DISTRIBUTION:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Anthurium cleistanthum G.M.Barroso
Brazil
1
Anthurium comtum Schott
Brazil
1
Anthurium galeottii K. Koch
Brazil
5
Anthurium ianthinopodum (Schott ex Engl.) Nadruz & Mayo
Brazil
4
Anthurium intermedium Kunth
Brazil
1
Anthurium jureianum Catharino & Olaio
Brazil
7
Anthurium longifolium (Hoffmanns) G. Don
Brazil
1
Anthurium aff. longifolium (Hofmanns) G. Don
Brazil
1
Anthurium maximiliani Schott
Brazil
1
Anthurium miquelianum K. Koch & Augustin
Brazil
2
Anthurium minarum Sakuragui & Mayo
Brazil
1
Anthurium polineurium Temponi & Nadruz sp. nov. ined.
Brazil
2
Anthurium raimundii Mayo, Haigh & Nadruz
Brazil
3
Anthurium sellowianum Kunth
Brazil
15
Anthurium aff. sellowianum Kunth
Brazil
1
Anthurium aff. zeneidae Nadruz sp. nov. ined.
Brazil
1
Anthurium sp. 19
Undetermined
1
Section under evaluation:
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
DISTRIBUTION:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Anthurium hookeri Kunth sec. nov. ined.
Guyana, Guyane, Suriname and Venezuela
1
Undetermined Section
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
DISTRIBUTION:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Anthurium xmacrolobum W. Bull
Mexico
1
Anthurium xcalifornia neal
Undetermined
6
Unidentified Species
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS:
Anthurium spp. 304 different
474
Figures: [left to right, top to bottom] (1) Anthurium brownii Mast, (2) Anthurium effusilobum Croat, (3) Anthurium ochranthum K. Koch, (4) inflorescence of Anthurium andraeanum X lilacinum, (5) inflorescence of Anthurium cf. effusispathum Croat, (6) Anthurium lilacinum Bunting, (7) inflorescence of Anthurium cf. lilacinum Bunting, (8) inflorescence of Anthurium nymphaeifolium C.Koch & C.D. Bouché. and (9) Anthurium cf. nymphaeifolium C.Koch & C.D. Bouché.
Figures: [left to right, top to bottom] (10) Anthurium galactospadix Croat, (11) Anthurium sp.1 hybrid - Section Calomystrium, (12) Anthurium sp. 2 - Section Calomystrium, (13) Anthurium sp. 3 - Section Calomystrium, (14) Anthurium sp. 4 - Section Calomystrium, (15) Anthurium sp. 5 - Section Calomystrium, (16) Anthurium crystallinum Linden & André, (17) Anthurium cf. crystallinum Linden & André. and (18) inflorescence of Anthurium aff. sagittatum (Sims) G. Don.
Figures: [left to right, top to bottom] (18a) Anthurium sagittatum (Sims) G. Don, (19) Anthurium cf. dolichostachyum Sodiro, (20) Anthurium sp. 6 - Section Cardiolonchium, (21) Anthurium sp. 7 - Section Cardiolonchium, (22) Anthurium sp. 8 - Section Cardiolonchium, (23) Anthurium sp. 9 - Section Cardiolonchium, (24) Anthurium clavigerum Poepp, (25) Anthurium aff. clavigerum Poepp. (26) Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl) G. Don.
Figures: [left to right, top to bottom] (27) Anthurium cf. pallidiflorum Engl., (28) infructescence of Anthurium gracile (Rudge) Schott, (29) inflorescence of Anthurium atropurpureum Schult. & Magure, (30) Anthurium atropurpureum var. arenicola Croat, (31) Anthurium bonplandii G. S. Bunting, (32) Anthurium bonplandii ssp. guayanum (Bunting) Croat, (33) Anthurium aff. bonplandii G.S. Bunting, (34) Anthurium colonicum K. Krause. (35) Anthurium cf. colonicum K.Krause.
Figures: [left to right, top to bottom] (36) Anthurium aff. colonicum K. Krause, (37) inflorescence of Anthurium concolor K. Krause, (38) inflorescence of Anthurium coriaceum G. Don, (39) Anthurium cf. dombeyanum Brongn, (40) inflorescence of Anthurium ernestii Engl., (41) Anthurium fendleri Schott, (42) Anthurium cf. fendleri Schott, (43) Anthurium aff. fendleri Schott. and (44) Anthurium cf. harlingianum Croat.
Figures: [left to right, top to bottom] (45) Anthurium jenmanii Engl., (46) Anthurium cf. krukovii Croat, (47) Anthurium leonii E. G. Gonçalves, (48) Anthurium cf. lindmanianum Engl., (49) Anthurium aff. loretense Croat, (50) Anthurium aff. nervatum Croat, (51) Anthurium nervatum Croat (52) Anthurium cf. nervatum Croat. and (53) Anthurium cf. (pachylaminum) ovatifolium Engler.
Figures: [left to right, top to bottom] (54) Anthurium aff. paraguayense Engl., (55) Anthurium paraguayense Engl., (56) Anthurium plowmanii Croat, (57) infructescence of Anthurium aff. plowmanii Croat, (58) Anthurium cf. pranceanum Croat, (59) inflorescence of Anthurium cf. salvinii Hemsl, (60) Anthurium salvinii Hemsl, (61) Anthurium solitarium Schott $(H h(Bybrid and (62) Anthurium superbum Madison.
Figures: [left to right, top to bottom] (63) Anthurium uleanum Engler, (64) Anthurium cf. uleanum Engl, (65) Anthurium watermaliense Hort. ex Bailey, (66) Anthurium xanthophylloides G. M. Barroso, (67) inflorescence of Anthurium cf. xanthophylloides G.M. Barroso, (68) inflorescence of Anthurium sp. 10 of section Pachyneurium, (69) Anthurium sp. 11 of section Pachyneurium, (70) inflorescence of Anthurium sp. 12 of section Pachyneurium and (71) Anthurium sp. 13 of section Pachyneurium.
Figures: [left to right, top to bottom] (72) inflorescence of Anthurium sp.14 of section Pachyneurium , (73) Anthurium sp. 15 of section Pachyneurium, (74) Anthurium sp 16 of section Pachyneurium, (75) Anthurium sp17 sp. Nov. of section Pachyneurium, (76) Anthurium sp. 18 of section Polyneurium, (77) Anthurium bakeri Hook. f. , (78) Anthurium bicollectivum Croat, (79) Anthurium scherzerianum Schott (80) inflorescence of Anthurium wendlingeri G.M. Barroso.
Figures: [left to right, top to bottom] (81) Anthurium pedatum (Kunth) Schott (82) Anthurium pedatoradiatum Schott, (83) Anthurium rimbachii Sodiro, (84) Anthurium sect Semaeophyllium cf. Triphyllum, (85) Anthurium cleistanthum G.M.Barroso, (86) Anthurium comtum Schott, (87) Anthurium galeottii K. Koch, (88) Anthurium ianthinopodum (Schott ex Engl.) Nadruz & Mayo (89) Anthurium intermedium Kunth.
Figures: [left to right, top to bottom] (90) Anthurium jureianum Catharino & Olaio, (91) Anthurium longifolium (Hoffm.) G. Don, (92) Anthurium aff. longifolium (Hoffm.) G. Don, (93) Anthurium maximiliani Schott, (94) Anthurium miquelianum K. Koch & Augustin, (95) Anthurium minarum Sakuragui & Mayo, (96) Anthurium polineurium Temponi & Nadruz sp. nov. ined., (97) Anthurium raimundii Mayo, Haigh & Nadruz, (98) Anthurium sellowianum Kunth.
Figures: [left to right, top to bottom] (99) Anthurium aff. sellowianum Kunth, (100) Anthurium aff. zeneidae Nadruz sp. nov. ined. , (101) Anthurium sp. 19 of section Urospadix, (102) Anthurium hookeri Kunth sec. nov. ined., (103) Anthurium xmacrolobum W. Bull (104) Anthurium xmacrolobum W. Bull.