IAS on Facebook
IAS on Instagram
|
IAS Aroid Quasi Forum
About Aroid-L
This is a continuously updated archive of the Aroid-L mailing list in a forum format - not an actual Forum. If you want to post, you will still need to register for the Aroid-L mailing list and send your postings by e-mail for moderation in the normal way.
Varigated ZZ`s and more.
|
From: ju-bo at msn.com (Julius Boos) on 2007.10.28 at 17:04:48(16620)
From: bogus@does.not.exist.com ()
Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2007 21:33:25 -0000
Subject: No subject
Message-ID:
question
Dear Ken,
Thanks for the info:, from what I`ve heard, there is "something" going on
with this "varigated" kick, all sorts of plants are popping up in a
varigated form. A friend hinted to me that there is a process being used
to induce this varigation in MANY plants, just recently I heard of a couple
plants of varigated Philodendron goeldii for sale in Asia, and even in other
plant families way too many varigated cultivars are turning up for it just
to be by chance.
Does anyone have any info. on this??
The Best,
Julius
| +More |
>>The very expensive Zamioculcas for sale at the IAS show was variegated.
That's why it was $100. There were several rooted cuttings in each
plastic sleeve and there were two available for sale.
-Ken Mosher
Julius Boos wrote:
>
>Dear Adam,
>
>Thanks for the kind words. Remember, I only suggested (in another
posting)
> that the Zamioculcas now commonly available because of tissue
culture may
>be modified and so be larger and more attractive 'selections' than the
wild
>'mother' plant might be. As far as I know little data is availabe on
these
>figures/facts.
>Like you, I like to have at last one wild-collected plant which the
tissue
>cultured plants can be compared to!
>There seem to be quite a few 'new' cultivars/selections which are said
to
>have been individuals selected and propagated from batches produced
from
>tissue culture. Several Alocasias, Philodendrons, Caladiums, etc.
come to
>mind.
>Michael Mahan reports that he saw cuttings of Zamioculcus for sale at
the
>IAS show for over $100.00, and others across the room, large potted
>specimens, for $30.00. I think that we can say that the cheaper ones
were
>the tissue-cultured specimens, I only wish I knew more about the story
>behind the specimens which were being sold for expensive prices!
>
>The Best,
>
>Julius
_
|
|
From: agavestar at covad.net (Michael Mahan) on 2007.10.29 at 06:31:07(16623)
Limited info so far .. as there is a lab that is using a chemical that
induces it (variegation ) while the tissue is being cultured but they seem
to be holding their cards tightly to the chest as a bunch of agaves are
showing up that way , that lab is in Northeast -New England .. BUT the
outcome is very variable right now & the clones seem to revert back , some
very fast under good culture & I'll find the link to it but there is one
lab is in the EU that is doing succulents much the same way & auctioning off
the mistakes as they are wildly colored .. any variegate collectors be way
cautious about new clones as the reversions back to green are wide spread
thru may species from what I am hearing thru rumors from other
dealers/collectors .. seems there are a few well known nurseries involved
but all this is rumor, So no flaming .. Michael Mahan
| +More |
-----Original Message-----
From: aroid-l-bounces at gizmoworks.com [mailto:aroid-l-bounces at gizmoworks.com]
On Behalf Of Julius Boos
Sent: Sunday, October 28, 2007 10:05 AM
To: aroid-l at gizmoworks.com
Subject: [Aroid-l] Varigated ZZ`s and more.
From: bogus@does.not.exist.com ()
Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2007 21:33:25 -0000
Subject: No subject
Message-ID:
question
Dear Ken,
Thanks for the info:, from what I`ve heard, there is "something" going on
with this "varigated" kick, all sorts of plants are popping up in a
varigated form. A friend hinted to me that there is a process being used
to induce this varigation in MANY plants, just recently I heard of a couple
plants of varigated Philodendron goeldii for sale in Asia, and even in other
plant families way too many varigated cultivars are turning up for it just
to be by chance.
Does anyone have any info. on this??
The Best,
Julius
>>The very expensive Zamioculcas for sale at the IAS show was variegated.
That's why it was $100. There were several rooted cuttings in each
plastic sleeve and there were two available for sale.
-Ken Mosher
Julius Boos wrote:
>
>Dear Adam,
>
>Thanks for the kind words. Remember, I only suggested (in another
posting)
> that the Zamioculcas now commonly available because of tissue
culture may
>be modified and so be larger and more attractive 'selections' than the
wild
>'mother' plant might be. As far as I know little data is availabe on
these
>figures/facts.
>Like you, I like to have at last one wild-collected plant which the
tissue
>cultured plants can be compared to!
>There seem to be quite a few 'new' cultivars/selections which are said
to
>have been individuals selected and propagated from batches produced
from
>tissue culture. Several Alocasias, Philodendrons, Caladiums, etc.
come to
>mind.
>Michael Mahan reports that he saw cuttings of Zamioculcus for sale at
the
>IAS show for over $100.00, and others across the room, large potted
>specimens, for $30.00. I think that we can say that the cheaper ones
were
>the tissue-cultured specimens, I only wish I knew more about the story
>behind the specimens which were being sold for expensive prices!
>
>The Best,
>
>Julius
_
_______________________________________________
Aroid-L mailing list
Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
|
|
From: gcyao at mydestiny.net (George Yao) on 2007.10.29 at 11:22:00(16624)
Julius,
I believe Thailand has a facility for irradiation that induces
variegation. I have also heard that tissue culture can induce
variegation, like, for example, some of the variegated bananas that
has been coming out.
George Yao
| +More |
Metro-Manila
Philippines
At 10/29/2007 01:04 AM, you wrote:
> From : Ken Mosher
>Reply-To : Discussion of aroids
>Sent : Sunday, October 28, 2007 3:19 PM
>To : Discussion of aroids
>Subject : Re: [Aroid-l] Forms of ZZ plant -thanks + a tissue culture
>question
>
>
>Dear Ken,
>
>Thanks for the info:, from what I`ve heard, there is "something" going on
>with this "varigated" kick, all sorts of plants are popping up in a
>varigated form. A friend hinted to me that there is a process being used
>to induce this varigation in MANY plants, just recently I heard of a couple
>plants of varigated Philodendron goeldii for sale in Asia, and even in other
>plant families way too many varigated cultivars are turning up for it just
>to be by chance.
>Does anyone have any info. on this??
>
>The Best,
>
>Julius
>
> >>The very expensive Zamioculcas for sale at the IAS show was variegated.
>That's why it was $100. There were several rooted cuttings in each
>plastic sleeve and there were two available for sale.
>
>-Ken Mosher
--
No virus found in this outgoing message.
Checked by AVG Free Edition.
Version: 7.5.503 / Virus Database: 269.15.12/1097 - Release Date: 10/28/2007 1:58 PM
|
|
From: mmarcotr at email.smith.edu (Michael Marcotrigiano) on 2007.10.29 at 12:41:49(16625)
I have a young variegated ZZ bought on ebay. Just a warning. It came with two variegated young leaves. Since then the next three were green or yellow, not variegated. This plant may be so unstable I'd think twice before forking over big bucks for one.
I use to work in a mutagenesis lab and there are nasty chemicals like nitrosomethylurea that cause plastid mutations at high frequency when seed is soaked in the solution. It is also in the top 5 known carcinogens so I'd suggest anyone thinking of getting rich on new variegated plants by using such chemicals, plan on having an oncologist nearby.
| +More |
>>> "Julius Boos" 10/28/2007 1:04 PM >>>
From: bogus@does.not.exist.com ()
Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2007 21:33:25 -0000
Subject: No subject
Message-ID:
culture
question
Dear Ken,
Thanks for the info:, from what I`ve heard, there is "something" going =
on
with this "varigated" kick, all sorts of plants are popping up in a
varigated form. A friend hinted to me that there is a process being =
used
to induce this varigation in MANY plants, just recently I heard of a =
couple
plants of varigated Philodendron goeldii for sale in Asia, and even in =
other
plant families way too many varigated cultivars are turning up for it =
just
to be by chance.
Does anyone have any info. on this??
The Best,
Julius
>>The very expensive Zamioculcas for sale at the IAS show was variegated.
That's why it was $100. There were several rooted cuttings in each
plastic sleeve and there were two available for sale.
-Ken Mosher
Julius Boos wrote:
>
>Dear Adam,
>
>Thanks for the kind words. Remember, I only suggested (in another
posting)
> that the Zamioculcas now commonly available because of tissue
culture may
>be modified and so be larger and more attractive 'selections' than the
wild
>'mother' plant might be. As far as I know little data is availabe on
these
>figures/facts.
>Like you, I like to have at last one wild-collected plant which the
tissue
>cultured plants can be compared to!
>There seem to be quite a few 'new' cultivars/selections which are said
to
>have been individuals selected and propagated from batches produced
from
>tissue culture. Several Alocasias, Philodendrons, Caladiums, etc.
come to
>mind.
>Michael Mahan reports that he saw cuttings of Zamioculcus for sale at
the
>IAS show for over $100.00, and others across the room, large potted
>specimens, for $30.00. I think that we can say that the cheaper ones
were
>the tissue-cultured specimens, I only wish I knew more about the story
>behind the specimens which were being sold for expensive prices!
>
>The Best,
>
>Julius
_
_______________________________________________
Aroid-L mailing list
Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
|
|
From: agoston.janos123 at gmail.com (Jan Agoston) on 2007.10.29 at 12:53:57(16626)
I've heared, that there is a kind of chemical which can kill the
chloroplasts in the cells, so maybe they use this on tissu cultured plants
to get variegation.
Well that's just my idear, maybe not true...
Bye,
janos
| +More |
2007/10/28, Julius Boos :
>
>
>
> From : Ken Mosher
> Reply-To : Discussion of aroids
> Sent : Sunday, October 28, 2007 3:19 PM
> To : Discussion of aroids
> Subject : Re: [Aroid-l] Forms of ZZ plant -thanks + a tissue culture
> question
>
>
> Dear Ken,
>
> Thanks for the info:, from what I`ve heard, there is "something" going on
> with this "varigated" kick, all sorts of plants are popping up in a
> varigated form. A friend hinted to me that there is a process being used
> to induce this varigation in MANY plants, just recently I heard of a
> couple
> plants of varigated Philodendron goeldii for sale in Asia, and even in
> other
> plant families way too many varigated cultivars are turning up for it just
> to be by chance.
> Does anyone have any info. on this??
>
> The Best,
>
> Julius
>
> >>The very expensive Zamioculcas for sale at the IAS show was variegated.
> That's why it was $100. There were several rooted cuttings in each
> plastic sleeve and there were two available for sale.
>
> -Ken Mosher
>
> Julius Boos wrote:
> >
> >Dear Adam,
> >
> >Thanks for the kind words. Remember, I only suggested (in another
> posting)
> > that the Zamioculcas now commonly available because of tissue
> culture may
> >be modified and so be larger and more attractive 'selections' than the
> wild
> >'mother' plant might be. As far as I know little data is availabe on
> these
> >figures/facts.
> >Like you, I like to have at last one wild-collected plant which the
> tissue
> >cultured plants can be compared to!
> >There seem to be quite a few 'new' cultivars/selections which are said
> to
> >have been individuals selected and propagated from batches produced
> from
> >tissue culture. Several Alocasias, Philodendrons, Caladiums, etc.
> come to
> >mind.
> >Michael Mahan reports that he saw cuttings of Zamioculcus for sale at
> the
> >IAS show for over $100.00, and others across the room, large potted
> >specimens, for $30.00. I think that we can say that the cheaper ones
> were
> >the tissue-cultured specimens, I only wish I knew more about the story
> >behind the specimens which were being sold for expensive prices!
> >
> >The Best,
> >
> >Julius
> _
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Aroid-L mailing list
> Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
> http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
>
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/private/aroid-l/attachments/20071029/180987c4/attachment-0001.htm
|
|
From: criswick at spiceisle.com (criswick) on 2007.10.29 at 17:22:58(16628)
In Thailand nowadays it's becoming as though any plant you care to think of
is also available variegated. Plumerias, and a whole range of unlikely
ornamentals and even fruit trees can now be had with variegation.
John Criswick.
| +More |
-----Original Message-----
From: aroid-l-bounces at gizmoworks.com [mailto:aroid-l-bounces at gizmoworks.com]
On Behalf Of George Yao
Sent: Monday, October 29, 2007 7:22 AM
To: Discussion of aroids
Subject: Re: [Aroid-l] Varigated ZZ`s and more.
Julius,
I believe Thailand has a facility for irradiation that induces
variegation. I have also heard that tissue culture can induce
variegation, like, for example, some of the variegated bananas that
has been coming out.
George Yao
Metro-Manila
Philippines
At 10/29/2007 01:04 AM, you wrote:
> From : Ken Mosher
>Reply-To : Discussion of aroids
>Sent : Sunday, October 28, 2007 3:19 PM
>To : Discussion of aroids
>Subject : Re: [Aroid-l] Forms of ZZ plant -thanks + a tissue culture
>question
>
>
>Dear Ken,
>
>Thanks for the info:, from what I`ve heard, there is "something" going on
>with this "varigated" kick, all sorts of plants are popping up in a
>varigated form. A friend hinted to me that there is a process being used
>to induce this varigation in MANY plants, just recently I heard of a couple
>plants of varigated Philodendron goeldii for sale in Asia, and even in
other
>plant families way too many varigated cultivars are turning up for it just
>to be by chance.
>Does anyone have any info. on this??
>
>The Best,
>
>Julius
>
> >>The very expensive Zamioculcas for sale at the IAS show was variegated.
>That's why it was $100. There were several rooted cuttings in each
>plastic sleeve and there were two available for sale.
>
>-Ken Mosher
--
No virus found in this outgoing message.
Checked by AVG Free Edition.
Version: 7.5.503 / Virus Database: 269.15.12/1097 - Release Date: 10/28/2007
1:58 PM
_______________________________________________
Aroid-L mailing list
Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/private/aroid-l/attachments/20071029/d510eb14/attachment-0001.htm
|
|
From: abri1973 at wp.pl (Marek Argent) on 2007.10.29 at 17:26:48(16629)
Sometimes it is a spontanical mutation, just like my Spathiphyllum (see appended photo). It's been living on a southern window for more than 2 years.
Marek
| +More |
----- Original Message -----
From: Jan Agoston
To: Discussion of aroids
Sent: Monday, October 29, 2007 1:53 PM
Subject: Re: [Aroid-l] Varigated ZZ`s and more.
I've heared, that there is a kind of chemical which can kill the chloroplasts in the cells, so maybe they use this on tissu cultured plants to get variegation.
Well that's just my idear, maybe not true...
Bye,
janos
2007/10/28, Julius Boos :
From : Ken Mosher
Reply-To : Discussion of aroids
Sent : Sunday, October 28, 2007 3:19 PM
To : Discussion of aroids
Subject : Re: [Aroid-l] Forms of ZZ plant -thanks + a tissue culture
question
Dear Ken,
Thanks for the info:, from what I`ve heard, there is "something" going on
with this "varigated" kick, all sorts of plants are popping up in a
varigated form. A friend hinted to me that there is a process being used
to induce this varigation in MANY plants, just recently I heard of a couple
plants of varigated Philodendron goeldii for sale in Asia, and even in other
plant families way too many varigated cultivars are turning up for it just
to be by chance.
Does anyone have any info. on this??
The Best,
Julius
>>The very expensive Zamioculcas for sale at the IAS show was variegated.
That's why it was $100. There were several rooted cuttings in each
plastic sleeve and there were two available for sale.
-Ken Mosher
Julius Boos wrote:
>
>Dear Adam,
>
>Thanks for the kind words. Remember, I only suggested (in another
posting)
> that the Zamioculcas now commonly available because of tissue
culture may
>be modified and so be larger and more attractive 'selections' than the
wild
>'mother' plant might be. As far as I know little data is availabe on
these
>figures/facts.
>Like you, I like to have at last one wild-collected plant which the
tissue
>cultured plants can be compared to!
>There seem to be quite a few 'new' cultivars/selections which are said
to
>have been individuals selected and propagated from batches produced
from
>tissue culture. Several Alocasias, Philodendrons, Caladiums, etc.
come to
>mind.
>Michael Mahan reports that he saw cuttings of Zamioculcus for sale at
the
>IAS show for over $100.00, and others across the room, large potted
>specimens, for $30.00. I think that we can say that the cheaper ones
were
>the tissue-cultured specimens, I only wish I knew more about the story
>behind the specimens which were being sold for expensive prices!
>
>The Best,
>
>Julius
_
_______________________________________________
Aroid-L mailing list
Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_______________________________________________
Aroid-L mailing list
Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
__________ NOD32 Informacje 2623 (20071029) __________
Wiadomosc zostala sprawdzona przez System Antywirusowy NOD32
http://www.nod32.com lub http://www.nod32.pl
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/private/aroid-l/attachments/20071029/8766fb6b/attachment-0001.htm
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: DSC05877.jpg
Type: image/jpeg
Size: 248393 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/private/aroid-l/attachments/20071029/8766fb6b/attachment-0001.jpg
|
|
From: plantguy at zoominternet.net (Daniel Devor) on 2007.10.29 at 22:25:42(16630)
Of course, there are others, like FDA-approved antibiotics that are known to
cause things like read-through of premature stop codons that are actually
clinically useful that also cause plastid mutations so a careful literature
search might be good for those with a more scientific bent...and YES, these
antibiotics if used in too high a concentration cause total albinism in both
Arisaema and Amorphophallus seedlings....unpublished observations from my
own back-yard lab :o) I personally never cared enough to do the appropriate
concentration-response studies to see if I could select a variegated clone
(for me, this was a simple curiosity thing as we had the antibiotics in my
research laboratory anyway for totally different purposes) as I do not know
why in the world anyone would want one in the first place.....but that is
just me!
Dan
| +More |
Dan Devor
Gibsonia, PA where we finally had our first frost last night :o)
----- Original Message -----
From: "Michael Marcotrigiano"
To:
Sent: Monday, October 29, 2007 8:41 AM
Subject: Re: [Aroid-l] Varigated ZZ`s and more.
>I have a young variegated ZZ bought on ebay. Just a warning. It came with
>two variegated young leaves. Since then the next three were green or
>yellow, not variegated. This plant may be so unstable I'd think twice
>before forking over big bucks for one.
>
> I use to work in a mutagenesis lab and there are nasty chemicals like
> nitrosomethylurea that cause plastid mutations at high frequency when seed
> is soaked in the solution. It is also in the top 5 known carcinogens so
> I'd suggest anyone thinking of getting rich on new variegated plants by
> using such chemicals, plan on having an oncologist nearby.
>
>>>> "Julius Boos" 10/28/2007 1:04 PM >>>
>
>
> From : Ken Mosher
> Reply-To : Discussion of aroids
> Sent : Sunday, October 28, 2007 3:19 PM
> To : Discussion of aroids
> Subject : Re: [Aroid-l] Forms of ZZ plant -thanks + a tissue culture
> question
>
>
> Dear Ken,
>
> Thanks for the info:, from what I`ve heard, there is "something" going on
> with this "varigated" kick, all sorts of plants are popping up in a
> varigated form. A friend hinted to me that there is a process being used
> to induce this varigation in MANY plants, just recently I heard of a
> couple
> plants of varigated Philodendron goeldii for sale in Asia, and even in
> other
> plant families way too many varigated cultivars are turning up for it just
> to be by chance.
> Does anyone have any info. on this??
>
> The Best,
>
> Julius
>
>>>The very expensive Zamioculcas for sale at the IAS show was variegated.
> That's why it was $100. There were several rooted cuttings in each
> plastic sleeve and there were two available for sale.
>
> -Ken Mosher
>
> Julius Boos wrote:
>>
>>Dear Adam,
>>
>>Thanks for the kind words. Remember, I only suggested (in another
> posting)
>> that the Zamioculcas now commonly available because of tissue
> culture may
>>be modified and so be larger and more attractive 'selections' than the
> wild
>>'mother' plant might be. As far as I know little data is availabe on
> these
>>figures/facts.
>>Like you, I like to have at last one wild-collected plant which the
> tissue
>>cultured plants can be compared to!
>>There seem to be quite a few 'new' cultivars/selections which are said
> to
>>have been individuals selected and propagated from batches produced
> from
>>tissue culture. Several Alocasias, Philodendrons, Caladiums, etc.
> come to
>>mind.
>>Michael Mahan reports that he saw cuttings of Zamioculcus for sale at
> the
>>IAS show for over $100.00, and others across the room, large potted
>>specimens, for $30.00. I think that we can say that the cheaper ones
> were
>>the tissue-cultured specimens, I only wish I knew more about the story
>>behind the specimens which were being sold for expensive prices!
>>
>>The Best,
>>
>>Julius
> _
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Aroid-L mailing list
> Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
> http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
>
> _______________________________________________
> Aroid-L mailing list
> Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
> http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
>
>
|
|
From: hermine at endangeredspecies.com (hermine) on 2007.10.30 at 02:26:19(16631)
Permission requested to post this to my Sansevierias list.
artificially induced variegates are selling at prices normally
reserved for CARS. Herm does not like this.
hermine
| +More |
>I have a young variegated ZZ bought on ebay. Just a warning. It came
>with two variegated young leaves. Since then the next three were
>green or yellow, not variegated. This plant may be so unstable I'd
>think twice before forking over big bucks for one.
>
>I use to work in a mutagenesis lab and there are nasty chemicals
>like nitrosomethylurea that cause plastid mutations at high
>frequency when seed is soaked in the solution. It is also in the top
>5 known carcinogens so I'd suggest anyone thinking of getting rich
>on new variegated plants by using such chemicals, plan on having an
>oncologist nearby.
>
> >
|
|
From: ju-bo at msn.com (Julius Boos) on 2007.10.31 at 10:09:07(16633)
From: bogus@does.not.exist.com ()
Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2007 21:33:25 -0000
Subject: No subject
Message-ID:
Dear Friends,
From: bogus@does.not.exist.com ()
Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2007 21:33:25 -0000
Subject: No subject
Message-ID:
labs/people are in fact using chemicals and other methods to 'create'
varigated "sports'' of plants, some of which soon revert back to an
all-green state, some seem able to "hold" the varigation.
Other varigations (and cultivars differenig from the original) seem to just
"turn up" in batches of plants created from the tissue culture processes,
and are chosen out of large batches as "cultivars' of a certain species.
I guess that we can only wait and see where this trend goes, and meanwhile
let the buyer beware!
Thanks to all,
Julius
| +More |
>>Limited info so far .. as there is a lab that is using a chemical that
induces it (variegation ) while the tissue is being cultured but they
seem
to be holding their cards tightly to the chest as a bunch of agaves are
showing up that way , that lab is in Northeast -New England .. BUT the
outcome is very variable right now & the clones seem to revert back ,
some
very fast under good culture & I'll find the link to it but there is
one
lab is in the EU that is doing succulents much the same way & auctioning
off
the mistakes as they are wildly colored .. any variegate collectors be
way
cautious about new clones as the reversions back to green are wide
spread
thru may species from what I am hearing thru rumors from other
dealers/collectors .. seems there are a few well known nurseries
involved
but all this is rumor, So no flaming .. Michael Mahan
-----Original Message-----
From: aroid-l-bounces at gizmoworks.com
[mailto:aroid-l-bounces at gizmoworks.com]
On Behalf Of Julius Boos
Sent: Sunday, October 28, 2007 10:05 AM
To: aroid-l at gizmoworks.com
Subject: [Aroid-l] Varigated ZZ`s and more.
From: bogus@does.not.exist.com ()
Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2007 21:33:25 -0000
Subject: No subject
Message-ID:
question
Dear Ken,
Thanks for the info:, from what I`ve heard, there is "something" going
on
with this "varigated" kick, all sorts of plants are popping up in a
varigated form. A friend hinted to me that there is a process being
used
to induce this varigation in MANY plants, just recently I heard of a
couple
plants of varigated Philodendron goeldii for sale in Asia, and even in
other
plant families way too many varigated cultivars are turning up for it
just
to be by chance.
Does anyone have any info. on this??
The Best,
Julius
>>The very expensive Zamioculcas for sale at the IAS show was
variegated.
That's why it was $100. There were several rooted cuttings in each
plastic sleeve and there were two available for sale.
-Ken Mosher
Julius Boos wrote:
>
>Dear Adam,
>
>Thanks for the kind words. Remember, I only suggested (in another
posting)
> that the Zamioculcas now commonly available because of tissue
culture may
>be modified and so be larger and more attractive 'selections' than the
wild
>'mother' plant might be. As far as I know little data is availabe on
these
>figures/facts.
>Like you, I like to have at last one wild-collected plant which the
tissue
>cultured plants can be compared to!
>There seem to be quite a few 'new' cultivars/selections which are said
to
>have been individuals selected and propagated from batches produced
from
>tissue culture. Several Alocasias, Philodendrons, Caladiums, etc.
come to
>mind.
>Michael Mahan reports that he saw cuttings of Zamioculcus for sale at
the
>IAS show for over $100.00, and others across the room, large potted
>specimens, for $30.00. I think that we can say that the cheaper ones
were
>the tissue-cultured specimens, I only wish I knew more about the story
>behind the specimens which were being sold for expensive prices!
>
>The Best,
>
>Julius
_
_______________________________________________
Aroid-L mailing list
Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
From: bogus@does.not.exist.com ()
Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2007 21:33:25 -0000
Subject: No subject
Message-ID:
Dear Steve,
I don`t have any photo or real infoprmation on these bird-nest type of
Anthuriums, maybe Joep has a photo??
If poss., can you give Joep any idea of the asking OR going price of
Anthurium jennmanii seeds/fruits??
I am copying Joep on this.
Julius
>>About a week ago I put up a new page on Anthurium bonplandii. All the
>>information was taken from the orginal botanical text printed in one of
>>Dr. Croat's journals. I'm looking for additional practical information and
>>grower input. I'd love to know if you grow this species and what you've
>>learned about it. Any good photos you will allow me to add to the page
>>would be appreciated since our specimen is quite small. I'll certainly
>>credit you for your photos and information. The photos I've received so
>>far are from the grower who provided our specimen which is now quite
>>small. According to Joep Moonen in Fench Guiana, this species is quite
>>rare in nature. When young it does strongly resemble Anthurium jenmanii
>>which is now extremely popular with growers in Indonesia and is a rather
>>odd birds nest form since it is often found growing on stone and is rarely
>>epiphytic. Anthurium bonplandii is instead normally terrestrial.
http://www.exoticrainforest.com/Anthurium%20bonplandii%20pc.html
Thanks!
Steve Lucas
www.ExoticRainforest.com
_______________________________________________
From: bogus@does.not.exist.com ()
Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2007 21:33:25 -0000
Subject: No subject
Message-ID:
Dear Steve,
I don`t have any photo or real infoprmation on these bird-nest type of
Anthuriums, maybe Joep has a photo??
If poss., can you give Joep any idea of the asking OR going price of
Anthurium jennmanii seeds/fruits??
I am copying Joep on this.
Julius
>>About a week ago I put up a new page on Anthurium bonplandii. All the
>>information was taken from the orginal botanical text printed in one of
>>Dr. Croat's journals. I'm looking for additional practical information and
>>grower input. I'd love to know if you grow this species and what you've
>>learned about it. Any good photos you will allow me to add to the page
>>would be appreciated since our specimen is quite small. I'll certainly
>>credit you for your photos and information. The photos I've received so
>>far are from the grower who provided our specimen which is now quite
>>small. According to Joep Moonen in Fench Guiana, this species is quite
>>rare in nature. When young it does strongly resemble Anthurium jenmanii
>>which is now extremely popular with growers in Indonesia and is a rather
>>odd birds nest form since it is often found growing on stone and is rarely
>>epiphytic. Anthurium bonplandii is instead normally terrestrial.
http://www.exoticrainforest.com/Anthurium%20bonplandii%20pc.html
Thanks!
Steve Lucas
www.ExoticRainforest.com
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Aroid-L mailing list
Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
From: bogus@does.not.exist.com ()
Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2007 21:33:25 -0000
Subject: No subject
Message-ID:
.
One of the dishes Mr. Dufresne presented in his Starchefs talk was what he
called "knot foie," a result of experimentation combining xanthan gum with
konjac flour, made from a tuber long used in Japanese cooking.
"We've had konjac flour in the kitchen for a long time, and we just hadn't
used it," Mr. Dufresne said. "We realized, after reading, that it has a
really interesting synergy with xanthan gum. It makes a kind of funky,
strange gel on its own, but in conjunction with xanthan gum, which on its
own won't make a gel but is just a thickener, it makes a really interesting,
very elastic product."
He continued: "So we thought, well what could we take that normally wouldn't
behave like that but would be really interesting. And almost instantly, we
came up with the idea of foie gras."
.
Chuck Gramling
------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C82139.EC14D5A0
Content-Type: text/html;
charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" =
xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" =
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
From NY Times online 11/6/07
style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";
color:black'>Food 2.0: Chefs as Chemists
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>…
p>
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>One
of the dishes Mr. Dufresne presented in his Starchefs talk was what he =
called
“knot foie,†a result of experimentation combining xanthan =
gum with
konjac flour, made from a tuber long used in Japanese =
cooking.
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>“We’=
ve
had konjac flour in the kitchen for a long time, and we just =
hadn’t used
it,†Mr. Dufresne said. “We realized, after reading, that it =
has a
really interesting synergy with xanthan gum. It makes a kind of funky, =
strange
gel on its own, but in conjunction with xanthan gum, which on its own =
won’t
make a gel but is just a thickener, it makes a really interesting, very =
elastic
product.â€
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>He
continued: “So we thought, well what could we take that normally
wouldn’t behave like that but would be really interesting. And =
almost
instantly, we came up with the idea of foie =
gras.â€
…
Chuck =
Gramling
------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C82139.EC14D5A0--
From: bogus@does.not.exist.com ()
Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2007 21:33:25 -0000
Subject: No subject
Message-ID:
G`day right back at youse, Ed and Leigh,
THE book you need is Deni Bown`s WONDERFUL volume,
"Aroids--plants of the Arum Family". Be aware that there is NO one book
that can inedtify all the aroids that you may come across to their correct
species, Deni`s book will give you an overview of all/most aroid genera and
many popular and some obscure species, but there are just a very few experts
in the world who can most times give you an identification of say an obscure
species of Anthurium or Philodendron to the species level. Dr. Tom Croat
of Missouri Botanical Garden is generally kind enough to do this with many
genera, especially Anthurium, Philodendron, Dieffenbachia, and many others.
Pete Boyce is great with Asian aroids, as is Dr. Alistair hay who 'lurks' is
great, and will step out to help where he can, Wilbert Hetterschied helps a
LOT w/ Amorphophallus and related genera, and Typhonium.
Concerning the photo on another post of an Anthurium sp. which develops
fruit without pollination, this is fairly common in a few species, but there
WAS an inflorsence/bloom present on which the showy red berries developed,
it was probably just VERY small and inconspicous, no showy spathe like in
A. andreanum and some other species, as since it self-pollinates it may not
need to attract insect pollinators, and the red fruits are showy enough to
attract birds and other distributers for the fruit/seed.
Good Luck and Good Growing!
Julius
WPB, Florida, USA.
>>G'day, I am fairly new to Aroid l, I have been reading posts and trying to
>>take it all in to be honest. I haven't been into aroids for that long, but
>>I am quite passionate about them. I've got the "bug" so to speak.
I was wondering if anyone could recommend a good all round book on aroids so
I don't have to annoy people like Steve L for identification etc all the
time. I don't trust a lot of the information on non scientific sites on the
internet. Any advice would be appreciated.
Regards,
Ed & Leigh
Tropical Collector
Queensland Australia
_
From: bogus@does.not.exist.com ()
Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2007 21:33:25 -0000
Subject: No subject
Message-ID:
Surawit
Quoting ExoticRainforest :
> As several of us have discussed privately, and a prominent member of this
> forum published publicly on a garden website, Dr. Croat has expressed his
> opinion in an email that the plant being commonly sold as Anthurium jenmanii
> (the one with the purple/red new leaves) is actually Anthurium bonplandii
> subsp. guayanum. I published Dr. Croat's email verbatim on my site under both
> Anthurium jenmanii and Anthurium bonplandii guayanum. I am now being
> criticized publicly for doing so. I don't wish to show a slanted approach.
> I simply strive to publish facts that are botanically accurate. Botanist
> David Scherberich provided a photo of the species he knows as Anthurium
> jenmanii which is now on my site.
>
> If anyone has an opinion that is opposed to Dr. Croat, please feel free to
> send me a private email and I will publish your stated position as well.
> Please make it clear why you disagree as concisely as possible and I will
> publish your quote along with your name so others may consider your position.
> My goal has never been to affect the sale of any plant. It is solely to
> publish accurate information.
>
> http://www.exoticrainforest.com/Anthurium%20jenmaniii%20pc.html
>
> http://www.exoticrainforest.com/Anthurium%20bonplandii%20pc.html
>
> Steve Lucas
> www.ExoticRainforest.com
>
> **************************************
> We collect and grow many rare and
> exotic tropical plants and orchids. Take
> the "Rainforest Tour" at:
> http://www.exoticrainforest.com/atriumentrancelarge.htm
----------------------------------------------------------------
This message was sent using IMP, the Internet Messaging Program.
From: bogus@does.not.exist.com ()
Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2007 21:33:25 -0000
Subject: No subject
Message-ID:
be a valuable resource for me. Not every article is a
masterpiece, but hidden among the pages are gems that,
when discovered, are treasures to be coveted again and
again.
It is a unique document and it will
evolve...adolescent and unruly, but in the end it will
mature as a fine wine and we will all toast Julius and
savor every drop.
Aloha,
Leland Miyano
--- ju-bo at msn.com wrote:
>
>
>
> Sent: Fri 12/07/07 10:41 PM
> Reply-to: Discussion of aroids
> (aroid-l at gizmoworks.com)
> To: Discussion of aroids (aroid-l at gizmoworks.com)
> Security scan upon download Trend Micro ? logo
>
>
> Dear Aroid Friends,
>
> [Especially Derek, Tom, Betsy and Jason!!]
> I THINK I`d like to add my voice to this cacaphony.
> First off, my hope is that the lurkers who have
> negative comments ''come forward into the light'',
> as it were, so we can talk and discuss the issues
> concerning the content of ''our'' journal,
> Aroideana.
> My take on ALL the recent issues of Aroideana
> stretching back several years is that they have been
> close to a perfect balance of scientific/taxonomic
> content (see Jason`s break-down, below---thanks,
> Jason).
> I savor reading them SLOWLY, like I savor a good
> wine by taking small sips, or nibbling on TINY
> slivers of my late mum`s rum/fruit cake made a month
> ago from her recipe with ground fruit which has
> soaked in rum and cherry brandy for over two years.
> Do I like equally "like"/enjoy ALL the articles in
> Aroideana?? NO. But the majority I do enjoy, and I
> eventually do get to reading all of them!
> To once more ''beat a dead horse'', unless the
> MEMBERSHIP steps up to the plate and submit drafts
> on ANYTHING dealing with aroids (as Derek and
> everyone else must be TIRED of saying/pleading),
> Aroideana will stay as a VERY high quality journal
> dedicated to Aroids, with a variety of interests
> covered.
> The IAS newsletter is another matter, I REALLY enjoy
> receiving it, and the articles are very
> entertaining! GREAT work, Carla!!
> Issues and subjects beyond those covered in
> Aroideana and the IAS newsletter I firmly believe
> are best covered (and I believe presently are
> covered!) in the discussions on forums like the
> Aroid-l pages, the UBS web site and others like
> these.
> I leave it to the IAS board to decide if we can
> afford more than one issue a year, and if the number
> of issues is increased, what the format and size
> might be---color or B+W, but the SIZE will be
> critical. Those who are calling for four issues a
> year MUST bear in mind what the old Aroidanas
> consisted of, B+W only, three or four short but
> EXTREMELY informative articles, they consisted of
> just a thin ''magazine'' stapled together ( I am
> presently researching an issue in Volume 2 now!), so
> I can already hear the ''screams'' of complaint from
> those accostomed to the WONDERFUL large and I am
> certain COSTLY issues with color, which Derek Burch,
> our present (and for the ''abuse'' which he endures,
> grossly ''underpaid'') Editor has managed to produce
> for our pleasure.
> ENOUGH said from my corner!
> Thanks a million to those who have contributed to
> this discussion, and Derek, keep up the GREAT work!
>
> Sincerely,
>
> Julius Boos
> W.P.B., FLORIDA
>
> >>Dear Betsy:
>
> This is a nice response! Thank you for replying.
> Remember that Derek is proposing that Aroideana be
> published several times a year and in color so it
> really would be very different from the existing
> item. It is true that it might not be conducive to
> encouraging new writers to submit but hell, we have
> had no success up to now (more than 20 years of
> trying) in getting people to submit articles despite
> the form of publication.
>
> Tom
>
>
> From: aroid-l-bounces at gizmoworks.com
> [mailto:aroid-l-bounces at gizmoworks.com] On Behalf Of
> Betsy Feuerstein
> Sent: Friday, December 07, 2007 10:45 AM
> To: Discussion of aroids
> Subject: [Aroid-l] Aroideana vs. Newsletter - food
> for thought
>
> Perhaps it is for the general membership to realize
> that the Newsletter has become so much better and
> fun to read that it is OK for Aroideana to be
> taxonomic rather than cover both sides of the fence.
> I feel certain Carla, the Newsletter editor, would
> be delighted with offers of articles from the
> membership and just maybe, this is the place for
> little articles on more interests by amateurs to be
> established. I complained for a long time about the
> only technical aspect of Aroideana but just maybe we
> can be OK with it all since the Newsletter has
> become so much better. One could suggest that we
> have only one project by combining the two, but I
> personally like getting the Newsletter more often.
> Now, it may become a financial situation to contend
> with and that would leave an option open for less
> cost with one publication and one mailing per year.
> This is a good reason for individuals to pay their
> dues because we do get in a timely manner, the
> publications these days. I can remember when all was
> years behind and some gave up on the cause, but now,
> that is not an excuse. I know the holidays are here
> and paying dues is not what one wants to hear, but
> maybe come the first of the year, some of those who
> do reep the benefit of Aroid-l and shows and such
> will find a way to pay the dues for 2008. Think
> about it. We have some very dedicated individuals
> who do a really good job working on our behalf these
> days. Let's us do our part by making sure our dues
> are paid. Of course, if we want more subjects and
> our amateur members have knowledge, it is going to
> take those individuals to step up to the plate and
> offer their expertise in comments and articles so
> the rest of us can become more informed. It would
> seem to me that the Newsletter would be great place
> to get one's feet wet by writing on some subject
> that interests you. Or even to propose a question
> for others to answer.... even a shorter forum and
> less frightening. Start by letting it be known what
> you want and then by participating when it all gets
> going.
>
> Betsy
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "mossytrail"
> To:
> Sent: Thursday, December 06, 2007 9:00 PM
> Subject: Re: [Aroid-l] FW: Aroideana - and help to
> get it
>
> >
> >> Dear correspondent,
> >>
> >> I am very glad that this has reached me [an
> interesting
> >> letter on the contents of Aroideana - ed], and I
> have to
> >> say that, as editor I cold not be more aware of
> the fact
> >> that Aroideana has very little to offer much of
> the
> >> society's membership. How to correct this is
> another
> >> matter.
> >>
> >> The Newsletter is getting
> >> better and better, I think, while in Aroideana we
> remain a
> >> place of good quality taxonomic material and very
> little
> >> else.
> >> So, is your
> >> sharing of experience on either topic actively in
> your
> >> computer even as we correspond ? Bashful about
> writing? I
> >> can do it for you if you give me an article in
> rough form.
> >> Not interested in these topics? Well, what the
> hell are
> >> you interested in, and why I haven't I been told
> about it
> >> directly, with an offer for a contribution as
> part of the
> >> communication?
> >
> > Well!
> >
> > I don't know who's been complaining about what,
> but I
> > maintain my membership for professional reasons --
> to stay
> > abreast of Aroid research in ANY line of enquiry,
> taxonomic
> > and otherwise. I always assumed the main purpose
> of
> > Aroideana was precisely to be an outlet for this
> kind of
> > specialized work; otherwise we would publish in
> BioTropica,
> > Actum Botanicum, or any number of more generalized
> journals.
> > To me, the newsletter is just icing on the cake --
> it is
>
=== message truncated ===
____________________________________________________________________________________
Never miss a thing. Make Yahoo your home page.
http://www.yahoo.com/r/hs
From: bogus@does.not.exist.com ()
Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2007 21:33:25 -0000
Subject: No subject
Message-ID:
sounds like we've got A. hookeri here at the Botanic Gardens Melbourne. I'v=
e
attached pics of two different individuals, and would love confirmation or
denial by those in the know!
And a quick, very large thank you to those 'in the know' who do post on thi=
s
list - to have sound taxonomic, horticultural and often extremely amusing
information poured straight into my inbox is a privilege beyond measure.
Many thanks,
Jeremy P
Melbourne, Australia
On Dec 10, 2007 5:43 PM, Marek Argent wrote:
> Steve,
>
> When the species name comes from a surname ending with "r" there is alway=
s
> one "i" - hookeri, bakeri, walkeri one "i"
> also when the name ends on "i" or "y" beccarii, karwinskyi.
> In other cases there are always 2 "i" - rehmannii, wallisii.
> And when te name ends on "a" like Matsuda, the species name is matsudae.
>
> Marek
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> *From:* ExoticRainforest
> *To:* Discussion of aroids
> *Sent:* Saturday, December 08, 2007 9:39 PM
> *Subject:* [Aroid-l] Anthurium hookeri
>
> Thanks for the input. Shortly after I published that note Dr. Croat,
> Julius and Joep Moonen all checked my text and gave additional input. Af=
ter
> close to 10 years of growing specimens I thought to be* Anthurium hookeri=
*,
> (or Anthurium hookerii, as they seem to love to spell it) I am amazed I'v=
e
> never discovered this discrepancy before. But, even more amazing, is all
> the information on the internet, and eBay, which continues to show and of=
fer
> "Anthurium hookeri" with red berries and ruffled leaves.
>
> Steve Lucas
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> *From:* Famille FERRY
> *To:* Discussion of aroids
> *Sent:* Saturday, December 08, 2007 4:04 AM
> *Subject:* Re: [Aroid-l] Anthurium hookeri
>
> Hello Steve,
>
> I know very well David Scherberich because he determined a lot of
> plants for the botanical garden of Nancy. He is an excellent botanist!
> We have in culture Anthurium hookeri and it has indeed white berries.
> Cordialy,
> Geneviève
>
>
>
>
>
> __________ NOD32 Informacje 2712 (20071209) __________
>
> Wiadomosc zostala sprawdzona przez System Antywirusowy NOD32
> http://www.nod32.com lub http://www.nod32.pl
>
> ------------------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
> Aroid-L mailing list
> Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
> http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
>
>
> __________ NOD32 Informacje 2712 (20071209) __________
>
> Wiadomosc zostala sprawdzona przez System Antywirusowy NOD32
> http://www.nod32.com lub http://www.nod32.pl
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Aroid-L mailing list
> Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
> http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
>
>
--
----
--------
PlantMan - Making the world a better place, one botanical emergency at a
time!
------=_Part_30483_29104512.1197415955599
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Disposition: inline
Hi Steve and Listers,
From your descriptions (and not having done th=
e proper ID work myself!) it sounds like we've got A. hookeri here at t=
he Botanic Gardens Melbourne. I've attached pics of two different indiv=
iduals, and would love confirmation or denial by those in the know!
And a quick, very large thank you to those 'in the know' wh=
o do post on this list - to have sound taxonomic, horticultural and o=
ften extremely amusing information poured straight into my inbox is a privi=
lege beyond measure.
Many thanks,
Jeremy P
Melbourne, Australia
ass="gmail_quote">On Dec 10, 2007 5:43 PM, Marek Argent < abri1973 at wp.pl> wrote:
Steve,
When the species name comes from a sur=
name ending
with "r" there is always one "i" - hookeri, bakeri, wal=
keri one
"i"
also when the name ends on "i&quo=
t; or "y" beccarii,
karwinskyi.
In other cases there are always 2 =
;"i" -
rehmannii, wallisii.
And when te name ends on "a"=
like Matsuda, the
species name is matsudae.
Marek
----- Original Message -----
Sent: Saturday, December 08, 2007 =
9:39
PM
Subject: [Aroid-l] Anthurium
hookeri
Thanks for the input. Shortly after I pu=
blished
that note Dr. Croat, Julius and Joep Moonen all checked my text=
and
gave additional input. After close to 10 years of growing spec=
imens
I thought to be Anthurium hookeri, (or Anthurium hookerii, as they=
seem to love to spell it) I am amazed I've never discovered this disc=
repancy
before. But, even more amazing, is all the information on the inter=
net,
and eBay, which continues to show and offer "Anthurium hookeri"=
with red
berries and ruffled leaves.
Steve Lucas
----- Original Message -----
Sent: Saturday, December 08, 200=
7 4:04
AM
Subject: Re: [Aroid-l] Anthurium=
hookeri
Hello Steve,
I know very well David Scherberich because he
determined a lot of plants for the botanical garden of=
Nancy. He is an excellent botanist!
We have in culture Anthurium hoo=
keri
and it has indeed white berries.
Cordialy,
Geneviève
="4">
_________=
_ NOD32
Informacje 2712 (20071209) __________
Wiadomosc zostala sprawdzona=
przez System Antywirusowy NOD32
t="_blank">http://www.nod32.com lub
arget="_blank">http://www.nod32.pl
__________
NOD32 Informacje 2712 (20071209) __________
Wiadomosc zostala
sprawdzona przez System Antywirusowy NOD32
http://www.nod32.com lub
http://www.nod32.pl=
_______________________________________________
Aroid-L mailing list=
Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.co=
m
get="_blank">
http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
=
--
----
--------
PlantMan - Makin=
g the world a better place, one botanical emergency at a time!
------=_Part_30483_29104512.1197415955599--
------=_Part_30482_30854494.1197415955599
Content-Type: image/jpeg; name="Anth Hookeri a.JPG"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
X-Attachment-Id: f_fa32d5e60
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="Anth Hookeri a.JPG"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 |
|
From: abri1973 at wp.pl (Marek Argent) on 2007.11.01 at 06:36:55(16634)
Hllo to alll
I'm looking for a good photo of Zz variegated to put it it in my pagr
Thnx ib adv
Marek
| +More |
----- Original Message -----
From:
To: "Discussion of aroids"
Sent: Monday, October 29, 2007 5:45 PM
Subject: Re: [Aroid-l] Varigated ZZ`s and more.
> Hi Michael,
>
> the succulent tc lab is this one:
> http://www.succulent-tissue-culture.com/EN
>
> If you find the link to the other one, I'd be interested...
>
> Bestm,
> Bernhard.
> =================
> Bernhard Strolka
> Uetze, Germany
> USDA zone 7
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Aroid-L mailing list
> Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
> http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
>
>
> __________ NOD32 Informacje 2631 (20071101) __________
>
> Wiadomosc zostala sprawdzona przez System Antywirusowy NOD32
> http://www.nod32.com lub http://www.nod32.pl
>
>
|
|
From: epiphyte1 at earthlink.net (Adam Black) on 2007.11.02 at 05:55:53(16640)
I know that plants with certain viral infections can take on a
variegated appearance before the plant wastes away, but I seem to recall
mention somewhere of a controversial method of inoculating plants with a
particular virus that produces the variegated appearance yet supposedly
does not harm the plant. Does this ring a bell with anyone?
I can't stand most variegated plants - I prefer the normal colored ones!
Adam Black
| +More |
Julius Boos wrote:
>>From : Michael Mahan
>Reply-To : Discussion of aroids
>Sent : Monday, October 29, 2007 6:31 AM
>To : "'Discussion of aroids'"
>Subject : Re: [Aroid-l] Varigated ZZ`s and more.
>
>
>
>Dear Friends,
>
>>From the limited response which was posted thus far, it seems that some
>labs/people are in fact using chemicals and other methods to 'create'
>varigated "sports'' of plants, some of which soon revert back to an
>all-green state, some seem able to "hold" the varigation.
>Other varigations (and cultivars differenig from the original) seem to just
>"turn up" in batches of plants created from the tissue culture processes,
>and are chosen out of large batches as "cultivars' of a certain species.
>I guess that we can only wait and see where this trend goes, and meanwhile
>let the buyer beware!
>
>Thanks to all,
>
>Julius
>
>
>
>>>Limited info so far .. as there is a lab that is using a chemical that
>>>
>>>
>induces it (variegation ) while the tissue is being cultured but they
>seem
>to be holding their cards tightly to the chest as a bunch of agaves are
>showing up that way , that lab is in Northeast -New England .. BUT the
>outcome is very variable right now & the clones seem to revert back ,
>some
>very fast under good culture & I'll find the link to it but there is
>one
>lab is in the EU that is doing succulents much the same way & auctioning
>off
>the mistakes as they are wildly colored .. any variegate collectors be
>way
>cautious about new clones as the reversions back to green are wide
>spread
>thru may species from what I am hearing thru rumors from other
>dealers/collectors .. seems there are a few well known nurseries
>involved
>but all this is rumor, So no flaming .. Michael Mahan
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: aroid-l-bounces at gizmoworks.com
>[mailto:aroid-l-bounces at gizmoworks.com]
>On Behalf Of Julius Boos
>Sent: Sunday, October 28, 2007 10:05 AM
>To: aroid-l at gizmoworks.com
>Subject: [Aroid-l] Varigated ZZ`s and more.
>
>
>
>>From : Ken Mosher
>Reply-To : Discussion of aroids
>Sent : Sunday, October 28, 2007 3:19 PM
>To : Discussion of aroids
>Subject : Re: [Aroid-l] Forms of ZZ plant -thanks + a tissue culture
>question
>
>
>Dear Ken,
>
>Thanks for the info:, from what I`ve heard, there is "something" going
>on
>with this "varigated" kick, all sorts of plants are popping up in a
>varigated form. A friend hinted to me that there is a process being
>used
>to induce this varigation in MANY plants, just recently I heard of a
>couple
>plants of varigated Philodendron goeldii for sale in Asia, and even in
>other
>plant families way too many varigated cultivars are turning up for it
>just
>to be by chance.
>Does anyone have any info. on this??
>
>The Best,
>
>Julius
>
>
>
>>>The very expensive Zamioculcas for sale at the IAS show was
>>>
>>>
>variegated.
>That's why it was $100. There were several rooted cuttings in each
>plastic sleeve and there were two available for sale.
>
>-Ken Mosher
>
>Julius Boos wrote:
>
>
>>Dear Adam,
>>
>>Thanks for the kind words. Remember, I only suggested (in another
>>
>>
>posting)
>
>
>> that the Zamioculcas now commonly available because of tissue
>>
>>
>culture may
>
>
>>be modified and so be larger and more attractive 'selections' than the
>>
>>
>wild
>
>
>>'mother' plant might be. As far as I know little data is availabe on
>>
>>
>these
>
>
>>figures/facts.
>>Like you, I like to have at last one wild-collected plant which the
>>
>>
>tissue
>
>
>>cultured plants can be compared to!
>>There seem to be quite a few 'new' cultivars/selections which are said
>>
>>
>to
>
>
>>have been individuals selected and propagated from batches produced
>>
>>
>from
>
>
>>tissue culture. Several Alocasias, Philodendrons, Caladiums, etc.
>>
>>
>come to
>
>
>>mind.
>>Michael Mahan reports that he saw cuttings of Zamioculcus for sale at
>>
>>
>the
>
>
>>IAS show for over $100.00, and others across the room, large potted
>>specimens, for $30.00. I think that we can say that the cheaper ones
>>
>>
>were
>
>
>>the tissue-cultured specimens, I only wish I knew more about the story
>>behind the specimens which were being sold for expensive prices!
>>
>>The Best,
>>
>>Julius
>>
>>
>_
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Aroid-L mailing list
>Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
>http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Aroid-L mailing list
>Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
>http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
>
>
>
>
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/private/aroid-l/attachments/20071102/505d7d51/attachment-0001.htm
|
|
From: mmarcotr at email.smith.edu (Michael Marcotrigiano) on 2007.11.02 at 20:30:10(16647)
the only virus I know that is graft transmissible and does not do that much harm (besides slowing it down a bit) is Abutilon mosaic virus which is in a few cultivars of variegated Abutilon. There are many aroid viruses that cause mottled yellowing that has no defined sectors and no pattern and are really not nice to have!
>>> Adam Black 11/2/2007 1:55 AM >>>
I know that plants with certain viral infections can take on a
variegated appearance before the plant wastes away, but I seem to recall
mention somewhere of a controversial method of inoculating plants with a
particular virus that produces the variegated appearance yet supposedly
| +More |
does not harm the plant. Does this ring a bell with anyone?
I can't stand most variegated plants - I prefer the normal colored ones!
Adam Black
Julius Boos wrote:
>>From : Michael Mahan
>Reply-To : Discussion of aroids
>Sent : Monday, October 29, 2007 6:31 AM
>To : "'Discussion of aroids'"
>Subject : Re: [Aroid-l] Varigated ZZ`s and more.
>
>
>
>Dear Friends,
>
>>From the limited response which was posted thus far, it seems that some
>labs/people are in fact using chemicals and other methods to 'create'
>varigated "sports'' of plants, some of which soon revert back to an
>all-green state, some seem able to "hold" the varigation.
>Other varigations (and cultivars differenig from the original) seem to just
>"turn up" in batches of plants created from the tissue culture processes,
>and are chosen out of large batches as "cultivars' of a certain species.
>I guess that we can only wait and see where this trend goes, and meanwhile
>let the buyer beware!
>
>Thanks to all,
>
>Julius
>
>
>
>>>Limited info so far .. as there is a lab that is using a chemical that
>>>
>>>
>induces it (variegation ) while the tissue is being cultured but they
>seem
>to be holding their cards tightly to the chest as a bunch of agaves are
>showing up that way , that lab is in Northeast -New England .. BUT the
>outcome is very variable right now & the clones seem to revert back ,
>some
>very fast under good culture & I'll find the link to it but there is
>one
>lab is in the EU that is doing succulents much the same way & auctioning
>off
>the mistakes as they are wildly colored .. any variegate collectors be
>way
>cautious about new clones as the reversions back to green are wide
>spread
>thru may species from what I am hearing thru rumors from other
>dealers/collectors .. seems there are a few well known nurseries
>involved
>but all this is rumor, So no flaming .. Michael Mahan
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: aroid-l-bounces at gizmoworks.com
>[mailto:aroid-l-bounces at gizmoworks.com]
>On Behalf Of Julius Boos
>Sent: Sunday, October 28, 2007 10:05 AM
>To: aroid-l at gizmoworks.com
>Subject: [Aroid-l] Varigated ZZ`s and more.
>
>
>
>>From : Ken Mosher
>Reply-To : Discussion of aroids
>Sent : Sunday, October 28, 2007 3:19 PM
>To : Discussion of aroids
>Subject : Re: [Aroid-l] Forms of ZZ plant -thanks + a tissue culture
>question
>
>
>Dear Ken,
>
>Thanks for the info:, from what I`ve heard, there is "something" going
>on
>with this "varigated" kick, all sorts of plants are popping up in a
>varigated form. A friend hinted to me that there is a process being
>used
>to induce this varigation in MANY plants, just recently I heard of a
>couple
>plants of varigated Philodendron goeldii for sale in Asia, and even in
>other
>plant families way too many varigated cultivars are turning up for it
>just
>to be by chance.
>Does anyone have any info. on this??
>
>The Best,
>
>Julius
>
>
>
>>>The very expensive Zamioculcas for sale at the IAS show was
>>>
>>>
>variegated.
>That's why it was $100. There were several rooted cuttings in each
>plastic sleeve and there were two available for sale.
>
>-Ken Mosher
>
>Julius Boos wrote:
>
>
>>Dear Adam,
>>
>>Thanks for the kind words. Remember, I only suggested (in another
>>
>>
>posting)
>
>
>> that the Zamioculcas now commonly available because of tissue
>>
>>
>culture may
>
>
>>be modified and so be larger and more attractive 'selections' than the
>>
>>
>wild
>
>
>>'mother' plant might be. As far as I know little data is availabe on
>>
>>
>these
>
>
>>figures/facts.
>>Like you, I like to have at last one wild-collected plant which the
>>
>>
>tissue
>
>
>>cultured plants can be compared to!
>>There seem to be quite a few 'new' cultivars/selections which are said
>>
>>
>to
>
>
>>have been individuals selected and propagated from batches produced
>>
>>
>from
>
>
>>tissue culture. Several Alocasias, Philodendrons, Caladiums, etc.
>>
>>
>come to
>
>
>>mind.
>>Michael Mahan reports that he saw cuttings of Zamioculcus for sale at
>>
>>
>the
>
>
>>IAS show for over $100.00, and others across the room, large potted
>>specimens, for $30.00. I think that we can say that the cheaper ones
>>
>>
>were
>
>
>>the tissue-cultured specimens, I only wish I knew more about the story
>>behind the specimens which were being sold for expensive prices!
>>
>>The Best,
>>
>>Julius
>>
>>
>_
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Aroid-L mailing list
>Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
>http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Aroid-L mailing list
>Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
>http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
>
>
>
>
|
|
From: plantguy at zoominternet.net (Daniel Devor) on 2007.11.02 at 21:19:34(16648)
Hi Bernhard,
I can tell you that many aminoglycosides can cause read-through of stop
codons. The ones that I was most familiar with back then were neomycin and
gentamicin....both insanely common in any science lab in the world. These
were not the ones I used I am pretty sure, but honestly, this was atleast 5
years ago so do not remember what aminoglycoside I used. I'm sure a 5
minute search of the scientific literature would turn it up. As I recall,
I came across this when reading more about the molecular biology of
premature stop codon read-through for CF therapy and thought, hey that could
be fun to fiddle with at home.
Perhaps we could all sit at home and make designer aroids for ourselves, but
I would worry that this schlock would end up on ebay along with some of the
rest of the garbage that can be found there.
Happy mutating everyone,
Dan
| +More |
Dan Devor
Gibsonia, PA
----- Original Message -----
From:
To: "Discussion of aroids"
Sent: Thursday, November 01, 2007 1:15 PM
Subject: Re: [Aroid-l] Varigated ZZ`s and more.
Dan,
could you specify the antibiotics that cause this?
Curious,
Bernhard.
=========================
Bernhard Strolka
Uetze, Germany
USDA zone 7
(two nights with frost so far......)
-----Original Message-----
Date: Mon, 29 Oct 2007 23:25:42 +0100
Subject: Re: [Aroid-l] Varigated ZZ`s and more.
From: "Daniel Devor"
To: "Discussion of aroids"
....
..and YES, these
antibiotics if used in too high a concentration cause total albinism in
both
Arisaema and Amorphophallus seedlings....unpublished observations from
my
own back-yard lab :o)
....
Dan
Dan Devor
Gibsonia, PA where we finally had our first frost last night :o)
_______________________________________________
Aroid-L mailing list
Aroid-L at www.gizmoworks.com
http://www.gizmoworks.com/mailman/listinfo/aroid-l
|
|
Note: this is a very old post, so no reply function is available.
|
|