International Aroid Society

On Wed, Nov 23, 2011 at 3:03 AM, Peter Boyce <phymatarum@googlemail.com> wrote:

Dear Christopher,

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Gondwana is almost certainly the place of origin of the lineage that led to modern aroids. As to age, currently the =91agreed=92-upon molecular clock age is [stem-group] Araceae have been dated to ca 131 million years before present, [crown group] Araceae to ca 128 million years ago (Janssen & Bremer 2004).

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Dates for Alismatales [stem-group] are to ca 131 million years before present, [crown group] Alismatales to ca 128 million years before present (Janssen & Bremer 2004; ca 133 and 103 million years before present respectively in Bremer 2000); Magall=F3n & Castillo (2009) suggest ca 147 million years for relaxed and 126 million years for constrained penalized likelihood datings of the beginning of divergence within Alismatales - these dates are probably underestimates [dates presented here are paraphrased from APG http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APWeb/]

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References

Bremer, K. 2000b. Early Cretaceous lineages of monocot flowering plants. Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97: 4707-4711

Janssen, T., & Bremer, K. 2004. The age of major monocot groups inferred from 800+ rbcL sequences. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 146: 385-398.

Magall=F3n, S., & Castillo, A. 2009. Angiosperm diversification through time. American J. Bot. 96: 349-365.

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From: aroid-l-bounces@www.gizmoworks.com [mailto:aroid-l-bounces@www.gizmoworks.com] On Behalf Of Christopher Rogers
Sent: Tuesday, 22 November, 2011 11:43 PM
To: Peter Boyce
Cc: Discussion of aroids
Subject: Re: [Aroid-l] Adelonema

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Wow! Very nice!!!

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So, is this data sufficiently robust that a center of radiation can be inferred? Gondwanan maybe?

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Happy days,

Christopher

On Tue, Nov 22, 2011 at 3:18 AM, Peter Boyce <phymatarum@googlemail.com> wrote:

There a quite some =93shared=94 clades for this trans ecozone distribution:

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The =91obvious=92 ones are the Schismatoglottis Alliance [Philonotion][Cryptocoryneae+Schismatoglottideeae]

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The Monsteroideae (with notably Rhaphidophora in W Africa, and IndoMalaya)

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The Lasioids, especially Anaphyllopsis (Neotropics) Lasimorpha (W Africa), Anaphyllum (India), Lasia/Cyrtosperma/Podolasia (Asian tropics)

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The extraordinary Nephthytis in West Africa & N Borneo

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More subtly Aglaonema/Aglaodorum (Asian tropics) is compellingly linked to almost wholly African Nephthytideae.

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The most =91complete=92 clade is in American Journal of Botany 98(4), 654=96668] - Cusimano et al 2011.pdf

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Peter

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From: aroid-l-bounces@www.gizmoworks.com [mailto:aroid-l-bounces@www.gizmoworks.com] On Behalf Of Christopher Rogers
Sent: Tuesday, 22 November, 2011 1:58 AM

To: Discussion of aroids
Subject: Re: [Aroid-l] Adelonema

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Thank you, Peter and Tom!

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So, thinking biogeographically, am I understanding you correctly that Adelonema and Homalomena are sister taxa, having split roughly 75mya? Even 75 mya, these regions were never near each other. Do you think that these genera used to be distributed=A0from South America, across Africa to Southeast Asia? Are there any=A0sister clades in Africa=A0for these genera or for other genus groups with a similar South American/Asian distribution?=A0

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Happy days,

Christopher

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On Mon, Nov 21, 2011 at 2:27 AM, Peter Boyce <phymatarum@googlemail.com> wrote:

Hi Marek, and other aroid-l folks,

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Tom as nicely summed up the situation; allow me to put some more meat on the bones.

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We have two independent sets of molecular data that show convincingly that the Neotropical species currently assigned to Homalomena do not belong there NOR do they belong in Philodendron =96 as had been suggested by a previous study [Molecular phylogeny of the genus Philodendron (Araceae): delimitation and infrageneric classification - [Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 156: 13=9627] - Gauthier, Barab=E9 & Bruneau 2008].

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The =91coarse=92 detail is a molecular clock study by Nauheimer et al, which gives dates the diversification of the Neotropical and Paleotropical clades at a minimum of ca 75 MYA.

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The =92fine detail=92 comes from a molecular study we=92ve done in Malaysia as part of our work on the =93true=94 Homalomena species. This paper is in prep. now, a spin-off from the phylogeny work done by two of our Master=92s projects (Ng Kiaw Kiaw =96 who works on chemical profiling - and Hoe Yin Chen, who=92s working on pollination and floral fragrance analyses).

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While Curmeria is =91better known=92, the earliest name is Schott=92s Adelonema.

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The published accepted names (<dates>) involved for the Neotropics are:

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Adelonema

Schott

Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 316

1860

[T] Adelonema

erythropus

(Mart. ex Schott) Schott

Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 317

1860

Caladium

erythropus

Mart. ex Engl.

Fl. Bras. 3(2): 172

1878

Curmeria

Linden & Andr=E9

Ill. Hort. 20: 45, t.121

1873

Curmeria

picta

auct.

Gard. Chron., n.s., 1874: 92

1874

[T] Curmeria

picturata

Linden & Andr=E9

Ill. Hort. 20: 45, t.121

1873

Curmeria

roezelii

Mast.

Gard. Chron., n.s., 1874(2): 804

1874

Curmeria

wallisii

(Regel) Mast.

Gard. Chron., n.s., 1877(1): 108

1877

Homalomena

crinipes

Engl.

Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 124

1905

Homalomena

erythropus

(Mart. ex Schott) Engl.

Pflanzenr., 55(IV.23Da): 130

1912

Homalomena

erythropus subsp. allenii

Croat

Aroideana 27: 131

2004

Homalomena

hammelii

Croat & Grayum

Phytologia 82(1): 37

1997

Homalomena

kvistii

Croat

Aroideana 27: 135

2004

Homalomena

moffleriana

Croat & Grayum

Aroideana 27: 137

2004

Homalomena

peltata

Mast.

Gard. Chron., n.s., 1877(?): 273

1877

Homalomena

picturata

(Linden & Andr=E9) Regel

Gartenflora 26: 33

1877

Homalomena

roezelii

(Mast.) Regel

Gartenflora 26: 33

1877

Homalomena

speariae

Bogner & Moffler

Aroideana 7: 37

1984

Homalomena

wallisii

Regel

Gartenflora

1877

Homalomena

wendlandii

Schott

Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 308

1860

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Bold non-italic text are currently accepted species. All of these names above in Homalomena will be combined into Adelonema. Tom has also three new species, and a new variety of H. (A.) crinipes.

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Non-bold italics are synonyms

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[T] =3D type species for the genus

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Adelonema will comprise 16 taxa.

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One additional Neotropical =91Homalomena=92, H. solimoensis G.M.Barroso [Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 15: 89 1957] was moved to Philodendron by Eduardo as: Philodendron humile E.G.Gon=E7.

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Peter

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From: aroid-l-bounces@www.gizmoworks.com [mailto:aroid-l-bounces@www.gizmoworks.com] On Behalf Of Marek Argent
Sent: Saturday, 19 November, 2011 2:26 AM
To: discussion of aroids
Subject: [Aroid-l] Adelonema

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Hello,

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Is Adelonema=A0a valid genus? I've read about it in the "=FCberlist" published in the IAS homepage.

What species of Homalomena have been moved?

Can I find any document on the web?

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Best,

Marek

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--

D. Christopher Rogers
((,///////////=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D<
785.864.1714

Crustacean Taxonomist and Ecologist
Kansas Biological Survey
Kansas University, Higuchi Hall
2101 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047-3759 USA

http://www.kbs.ku.edu/

http://www.kbs.ku.edu/directory/d-christopher-rogers/

Associate Editor, Journal of Crustacean Biology http://www.thecrustaceansociety.org/

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Vice President, Southwest Association of Freshwater Invertebrate Taxonomists SAFIT.ORG

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--

D. Christopher Rogers
((,///////////=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D<
785.864.1714

Crustacean Taxonomist and Ecologist
Kansas Biological Survey
Kansas University, Higuchi Hall
2101 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047-3759 USA

http://www.kbs.ku.edu/

http://www.kbs.ku.edu/directory/d-christopher-rogers/

Associate Editor, Journal of Crustacean Biology http://www.thecrustaceansociety.org/

=A0

Vice President, Southwest Association of Freshwater Invertebrate Taxonomists SAFIT.ORG

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