Dear Christopher, Tom, and folks.
African Culcasieae [Cercestis + Culcasia] is sister to [[[Philodendron][Adelonema]][Homalomena + Furtadoa]]]
Lars and I have some (very amicable) disagreement regarding the date. He favours a date >40 Mya (based on molecular clock dating); my “botanical intuition” based on available ecologies, belief that their obligate ecology has always been lowland wet-perhumid tropical, continuance of contemporary landmasses, suitable ecologies, is earlier. Much earlier.
Remember that the divergence point if NOT for the modern “genera” it is for their last shared ancestor.
Peter
From: Tom Croat [mailto:Thomas.Croat@mobot.org]
Sent: Tuesday, 22 November, 2011 9:18 AM
To: Discussion of aroids
Cc: phymatarum@gmail.com
Subject: RE: [Aroid-l] Adelonema
Dear Christopher:
I don’t think that there is any close relative in Africa and it seems rather unlikely that they got separated by a constipated bird so I can’t really explain the similarities or the differences. Perhaps Pete has an idea.
Tom
________________________________________
From: aroid-l-bounces@www.gizmoworks.com [mailto:aroid-l-bounces@www.gizmoworks.com] On Behalf Of Christopher Rogers
Sent: Monday, November 21, 2011 11:58 AM
To: Discussion of aroids
Subject: Re: [Aroid-l] Adelonema
Thank you, Peter and Tom!
So, thinking biogeographically, am I understanding you correctly that Adelonema and Homalomena are sister taxa, having split roughly 75mya? Even 75 mya, these regions were never near each other. Do you think that these genera used to be distributed from South America, across Africa to Southeast Asia? Are there any sister clades in Africa for these genera or for other genus groups with a similar South American/Asian distribution?
Happy days,
Christopher
On Mon, Nov 21, 2011 at 2:27 AM, Peter Boyce <phymatarum@googlemail.com> wrote:
Hi Marek, and other aroid-l folks,
Tom as nicely summed up the situation; allow me to put some more meat on the bones.
We have two independent sets of molecular data that show convincingly that the Neotropical species currently assigned to Homalomena do not belong there NOR do they belong in Philodendron – as had been suggested by a previous study [Molecular phylogeny of the genus Philodendron (Araceae): delimitation and infrageneric classification - [Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 156: 13–27] - Gauthier, Barab=E9 & Bruneau 2008].
The ‘coarse’ detail is a molecular clock study by Nauheimer et al, which gives dates the diversification of the Neotropical and Paleotropical clades at a minimum of ca 75 MYA.
The ’fine detail’ comes from a molecular study we’ve done in Malaysia as part of our work on the “true” Homalomena species. This paper is in prep. now, a spin-off from the phylogeny work done by two of our Master’s projects (Ng Kiaw Kiaw – who works on chemical profiling - and Hoe Yin Chen, who’s working on pollination and floral fragrance analyses).
While Curmeria is ‘better known’, the earliest name is Schott’s Adelonema.
The published accepted names (<dates>) involved for the Neotropics are:
Adelonema
Schott
Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 316
1860
[T] Adelonema
erythropus
(Mart. ex Schott) Schott
Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 317
1860
Caladium
erythropus
Mart. ex Engl.
Fl. Bras. 3(2): 172
1878
Curmeria
Linden & Andr=E9
Ill. Hort. 20: 45, t.121
1873
Curmeria
picta
auct.
Gard. Chron., n.s., 1874: 92
1874
[T] Curmeria
picturata
Linden & Andr=E9
Ill. Hort. 20: 45, t.121
1873
Curmeria
roezelii
Mast.
Gard. Chron., n.s., 1874(2): 804
1874
Curmeria
wallisii
(Regel) Mast.
Gard. Chron., n.s., 1877(1): 108
1877
Homalomena
crinipes
Engl.
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 124
1905
Homalomena
erythropus
(Mart. ex Schott) Engl.
Pflanzenr., 55(IV.23Da): 130
1912
Homalomena
erythropus subsp. allenii
Croat
Aroideana 27: 131
2004
Homalomena
hammelii
Croat & Grayum
Phytologia 82(1): 37
1997
Homalomena
kvistii
Croat
Aroideana 27: 135
2004
Homalomena
moffleriana
Croat & Grayum
Aroideana 27: 137
2004
Homalomena
peltata
Mast.
Gard. Chron., n.s., 1877(?): 273
1877
Homalomena
picturata
(Linden & Andr=E9) Regel
Gartenflora 26: 33
1877
Homalomena
roezelii
(Mast.) Regel
Gartenflora 26: 33
1877
Homalomena
speariae
Bogner & Moffler
Aroideana 7: 37
1984
Homalomena
wallisii
Regel
Gartenflora
1877
Homalomena
wendlandii
Schott
Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 308
1860
Bold non-italic text are currently accepted species. All of these names above in Homalomena will be combined into Adelonema. Tom has also three new species, and a new variety of H. (A.) crinipes.
Non-bold italics are synonyms
[T] =3D type species for the genus
Adelonema will comprise 16 taxa.
One additional Neotropical ‘Homalomena’, H. solimoensis G.M.Barroso [Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 15: 89 1957] was moved to Philodendron by Eduardo as: Philodendron humile E.G.Gon=E7.
Peter
From: aroid-l-bounces@www.gizmoworks.com [mailto:aroid-l-bounces@www.gizmoworks.com] On Behalf Of Marek Argent
Sent: Saturday, 19 November, 2011 2:26 AM
To: discussion of aroids
Subject: [Aroid-l] Adelonema
Hello,
Is Adelonema a valid genus? I've read about it in the "=FCberlist" published in the IAS homepage.
What species of Homalomena have been moved?
Can I find any document on the web?
Best,
Marek
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