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Year Vol.
(Issue) Pages Author(s) Title

1998 21 8-12 Makoto Tahara, Viet Xuan Nguyen, Hiromichi Yoshino Karyotype analyses on diploid and tetraploid of Alocasia odora K. Koch (Buy)
ABSTRACT: The karyotypes of diploid (2n = 2X 28) and tetraploid (2n = 4x = 56) forms of Alocasia odora (Roxb.) K. Koch were analyzed to determine their cytological relationship. The chromosome length and morphology were found similar between the two ploidy types. Phylogenetic relationship investigated by polymorphism of 13 enzyme systems also suggested closeness of the two ploidy types of A. odora.

1999 22 72-78 Makoto Tahara, Viet Xuan Nguyen, Hiromichi Yoshino Isozymes analyses of Asian diploid and triploid taro (Buy)
ABSTRACT: In order to investigate phylogenetic relationships between diploid and triploid taros, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, 13 enzyme systems were analyzed for isozyme variations using 59 accessions collected in Nepal and Yunnan Province of China. A total of 115 banding positions were discovered, which successfully differentiated most of the accessions. Isozyme bands specific to triploids were observed only at five out of 115 positions, indicating autopolyploid origin of the triploids: almost all isozyme variations in triploids are derived from those in diploids. The Wagner parsimony method, applied to the band presence or absence data of 59 accessions, determined 65 most parsimonious trees. These trees contain consistent relationships among most of the Nepal and some of the Yunnan accessions; entire accessions are clearly divided into two geographical groups, and diploids and triploids tend to form separate groups in each geographical group. Triploid taros are believed to arise from diploids by fertilization of an unreduced gamete with a normal gamete. Unreduced gamete formation can occur repeatedly in any environment, but the triploid taros are generally found in marginal environments. Based on this evidence, it is concluded that geographical differentiation proceeded between Nepal and Yunnan, and triploids were formed and established as adapted plants in each area.

1999 22 79-89 Makoto Tahara, Seiko Suefuji, Toshinori Ochiai, Hiromichi Yoshino Phylogenetic relationships of taro (Buy)
ABSTRACT: Nucleotide sequences in two non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA, tRNA inter- geneic spacer CtrnL-trnF) and ribosomal protein gene (rp116 and rpll4) linker, were determined for 13 accessions of taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, C. gigantea Hook. f, Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) G. Don, A. odora (Roxb.) K. Koch, Xanthosoma sagittifolium Schott and Schismatoglottis spp. using polymerase chain reaction (peR) and a direct sequence method of the amplified DNA. Sequence variations of nucleotide substitution, insertion or deletion and slippage were observed at 55 positions in the trnL-trnF inter-genic spacer of 395 bp length; most of the changes were found among genera but not within species. There was no sequence differentiation in the rpllinker among the accessions in this study. Phylogenetic trees determined by the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods using the sequence variations in the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer showed distinct evolutionary lineage of Schismatogloftis, Xanthosoma and Colocasial Alocasia; however, the relationships within Colocasia/ Alocasia taxa were not clearly defined.