ABSTRACT:

Engler's system of the aroids, over one hundred years old, is based not only on floral structures, but also uses vegetative and anatomical characters. His system is still viable and no large changes are necessary today. His arrangement shows a natural phylogenetic system and it has been accepted by all serious students of the family (M. R. Birdsey, G. S. Bunting, T. Croat, M. Madison, D. H. Nicolson, M. Hotta (with a few modifications).